Elements and Performance Criteria

The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included.
Medical or allied health professional may include:
sports physician
sports doctor
general practitioner
physiotherapist
accredited exercise physiologist
occupational therapist
remedial massage therapist
chiropractor
osteopath
accredited practising dietician
psychologist
aboriginal health worker
diabetes educator.
Client may include:
aged
sedentary
overweight
presenting with additional medical or psychological conditions (including trauma)
athletes.
Relevant legislation may include:
Occupational Health and Safety
duty of care
privacy
codes of practice
fair trading.
Organisational policies and procedures may include:
Occupational Health and Safety
emergency procedures
risk management
use of client record systems
collection and use of client information
equipment use and maintenance
client supervision
incident reporting
client screening procedures
client referral procedures.
Risk factors may include:
family history
obesity
joint trauma and injury
menopause in females
repetitive occupational use
physical inactivity
eating disorders
low body weight and calcium intake
smoking.
Fitness assessment may include:
cardiovascular response to exercise
range of movement
strength
girth measurements.
posture.
Muscular conditioning may include:
muscular strength
muscular power
muscular endurance.
Instructional techniques may include:
establishing rapport
instructional position
demonstration and motivational strategies
positive feedback.
Exercise program may include:
exercise selection, sequence and variety
logical progression
warm-up and cool-down
stretching.
Exercise equipment may include:
cardiovascular equipment
resistance training machines:
hydraulic machines
aquatic equipment
resistance bands
free weights.
Monitor client responses may include:
rating of perceived exertion (RPE)
heart rate measures
'talk test'
possible fluctuations in blood glucose levels and dehydration.
Symptoms requiring interjection may include:
shortness of breath at rest or with mild exertion
dizziness or syncope
orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
palpitations or tachycardia
intermittent claudication
unusual fatigue or shortness of breath with usual activities
illness or sickness
lack of functional strength
neck soreness or strain
pain on movement of any body part.
Procedures to respond to symptoms requiring interjection include:
cessation and modification of activity
first aid
emergency medical assistance
referral.
Signs of unstable condition may include:
fatigue and weakness
cardiac pain
breathlessness
oedema
palpitations
claudication pain
dizziness.
Posture may include:
static
dynamic
standing
sitting
supine
specific observations of standing posture:
head and neck
thoracic spine
rib cage
shoulder position
scapula position
elbow position
lumbar spine
pelvis
abdominals
femur
knee
patella
foot position.
Postural variances may include:
structural
functional
kyphosis
rounded shoulders
winging of scapula
scoliosis
increased lordosis
decreased lordosis
excessive posterior pelvic tilt
excessive anterior pelvic tilt
genu varum
genu valgum
increased pronation of foot and or ankle complex
increased supination of foot and or ankle complex
hyperextension of knees
lateral tilt of pelvis
lateral tilt of head.
Functional anatomy of the joints may include:
glenohumeral
bones:
humerus
scapula
clavicle
ligaments:
corocohumeral
corococlavicular
glenohumeral
transverse humeral
related structures:
subscapular bursa
subacromial bursa
subdeltoid bursa
subcorocoid bursa
muscles acting on the joint
elbow
bones:
humerus
ulna
radius
ligaments:
ulnar collateral
radial collateral
related structures:
olecranon bursa
muscles acting on the joint
lumbo-sacral:
bones
5th lumbar vertebrae
1st vertebrae of sacrum
ligaments
muscles acting on the joint
intervertebral:
bones
vertebral bodies:
ligaments
muscles acting on the joint
hip (coxal)
bones:
femur
hip:
ligaments:
pubofemoral
iliofemoral
ischiofemoral
transverse ligament of acetabulum
ligament of head of femur
muscles acting on the joint
knee (tibiofemoral and or patellofemoral)
bones:
tibia
femur
patella
ligaments:
patella
oblique popliteal
arcuate popliteal
tibial collateral
fibular collateral
posterior cruciate
related structures:
tendons of the quadriceps femoris and facia latae
medial meniscus
lateral meniscus
prepatellar bursa
intrapatellar bursa
suprapatellar bursa
muscles acting on the joint
ankle (talocrucal):
bones:
talus
tibia
fibula
ligaments:
deltoid
anterior talofibial
posterior talofibial
calcaneofibular
related structures:
achilles tendon
muscles acting on the joint
Major joints may include:
intervertebral
glenohumeral
elbow
radiocarpal
sacroiliac
hip (coxal)
tibiofemoral
patello-femoral
ankle.
Joint movement may include:
flexion
extension
dorsiflexion
plantar flexion
horizontal flexion
horizontal extension
abduction
adduction
circumduction
rotation
supination
pronation
inversion
eversion
protraction
retraction
elevation
depression.
Muscles may include:
erector spinae
trapezius
rectus abdominis
internal obliques
external obliques
multifidus
quadratus lumborum
iliopsoas
latissimus dorsi
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
serratus anterior
levator scapulae
teres major
teres minor
subscapularis
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
pelvic floor
iliotibial tract
tensor fascia latae
piriformis
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
sartorius
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
gastrocnemius
soleus
tibialis anterior
adductor magnus
adductor longus
gracilis
sartorius.
Musculoskeletal conditions may include:
ostoepaenia
sub acute soft tissue injury and or sprain and or strain
osteoporosis
epicondylitis
tendonitis
osteoarthritis
repetitive strain injuries
Musculo-skeletal system may include:
functions
types of bones:
long
short
flat
irregular
growth and development of long bones
structure of long bones
classification of joints:
fibrous
cartilagenous
synovial structure of a synovial joint:
bones
articular or hyaline cartilage
joint capsule
joint cavity
ligaments
synovial membrane
synovial fluid
bursae
meniscus
connective tissue:
fascia
tendons
ligaments
muscular system
function of muscle tissue
properties of muscle tissue:
excitability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity
types of muscles:
smooth
cardiac
skeletal
structure of skeletal muscle tissue:
muscle belly
tendon
fascicle
muscle fibre
myofibril
microscopic anatomy:
sarcomere
filaments
actin
myosin
tropomyosin
troponin
sarcolemma
sarcoplasm
sarcoplasmic reticulum
T-tubules
Z lines
A band
I band
muscle contraction:
sliding filament theory
length-tension relationship
attachments:
origin
insertion
role of muscle contraction:
agonist
antagonist
fixator
synergist
skeletal muscle fibre types:
slow twitch oxidative
fast twitch oxidative-glycolytic
fast twitch glycolytic
distribution and recruitment of different fibre types
physiological adaptations due to training:
hypertrophy
increased strength
increased extensibility
muscle actions of major muscles.
Moderate risk client may include:
chronic disease state
medical condition or injury
under prescribed medication
symptoms of cardiorespiratory disease
moderate or high risk as identified by medical or allied health professional
aged and sedentary
musculoskeletal moderate risk includes:
history of injury to back or neck or joints or muscles of arms and legs requiring assessment and or treatment by a medical or allied health professional but is now fully resolved
previous surgery to back or neck or joints or muscles of arms and legs
recurrent injury
injury to musculoskeletal system in the past 8 weeks even if it has resolved
recent low level of physical activity
hyper mobile

The evidence guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance criteria, required skills and knowledge, range statement and the Assessment Guidelines for the Training Package.
Overview of assessment

Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit
Evidence of the following is essential:
communicates effectively with accredited exercise physiologist or relevant medical or allied health professional regarding health and functional status of the referred client
effective communication skills to discuss aspects of exercise prescription with clients
when appropriate, react to adverse events to deal with exercise program problems and issues
ability to correctly interpret the exercise prescription and make modifications consistent with prescribed parameters and scope of practice
safely and effectively delivers exercise for referred clients with musculoskeletal conditions and recommends appropriate alterations according to client's physical and motivational responses
monitors and maintains the safety of clients, exercise equipment and the exercise setting and applies effective contingency management techniques to deal with problems and issues that may arise during the exercise program
applies all relevant legal and ethical requirements when discussing and recording client information
demonstrates appropriate manner, empathy and patience when working with clients
Context of and specific resources for assessment
Assessment must ensure demonstration of skills over a period of time within a facility where a variety of exercise modes and equipment are available to support effective musculoskeletal exercise.
Assessment must also ensure access to:
facility where a variety of exercise modes and equipment are available, such as exercise machines, weight machines, exercise mats and adequate floor space
a range of clients with real or simulated musculoskeletal conditions from a range of ages
a range of real or simulated medical or allied health professionals referrals for a range of clients with musculoskeletal conditions and risk factors
demonstration of skills on sufficient occasions to determine competence in interpreting relevant information and delivering the prescribed exercise program for a range of clients with a range of musculoskeletal conditions
relevant documentation such as client record forms.
Method of assessment
A range of assessment methods should be used to assess practical skills and knowledge. The following examples are appropriate for this unit:
observation of consulting with clients and adjusting standard exercise prescriptions in consultation with an appropriate medical or allied health professional, to account for a range of musculoskeletal conditions and risk factors to focus on functional capacity and health rather than physical fitness
observation of dealing effectively with a range of contingencies such as real or simulated client injuries or inability to complete the exercise prescription
oral and or written questioning to assess knowledge of the physiology of musculoskeletal conditions, medications and associated risk factors
third-party reports from a supervisor detailing work performance.
Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector, workplace and job role is recommended, for example:
SISFFIT523A Deliver prescribed exercise to clients with cardiorespiratory conditions