Elements and Performance Criteria

The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included.
Basic mechanical concepts may include:
types of levers
mechanical advantage.
Cardiovascular system may include:
the major physical characteristics of blood and the functions of its major components
the structure and function of the heart and its major components
the structural and functional characteristics of the conduction systems of the heart
the major events of the cardiac cycle
the structure and function of the various types of blood vessels
the major arteries and veins of the circulatory system
the control of blood flow to skeletal muscle.
Concepts and principles of mechanics may include:
mechanical concepts modelling human movement
gravity
centre of mass
inertia
force and momentum
force production by the body
mechanical concepts related to common exercise equipment
resistance and or resistance arm
force and or force arm
axis of rotation
variable resistance.
Directional terms may include:
flexion
extension
dorsiflexion
plantar flexion
abduction
adduction
circumduction
rotation
supination
pronation
inversion
eversion
protraction
retraction
elevation
depression.
Energy systems may include:
duration and intensity of exercise effect energy contribution from the main energy systems utilised during different forms of exercise
adenosine triphosphate
phosphocreatine
anaerobic glycolysis
exercise programs that utilise of fatty acid metabolism
energy system adaptations
effect of energy intake affects the breakdown of energy substrates
body systems involved in production of energy.
Environmental conditions may include:
adaptations of the body to hot and cold environmental conditions
physiological and biomechanical differences of exercising in the heat compared to normal adaptive conditions
physiological and biomechanical differences of exercising in the cold compared to normal adaptive conditions
acute and chronic effects of exercising in water
the mechanism whereby the body regulates internal temperature in responses to environmental changes and exercise
dehydration and the importance of water intake and or re-hydration during exercise
physiological demands placed on the body from smoking
need for a comprehensive preparation phase to avoid heat or cold stress
mobility
general preparation
pre stretch
specific preparation.
Fitness equipment may include:
rowers
steppers
steps
treadmills
stationary cycles
VO2 max shuttle run test recordings
heart rate monitors
ratings of perceived exertion
'norm' charts.
Forces may include:
resistive
motive
friction
centre of gravity
centre of force, equipment and muscles.
Functional appraisals may include:
anthropometry
aerobic responses
cardiovascular responses
strength
endurance
flexibility.
Measurement methods may include:
heart rate response
pulse response
blood pressure response
respiration rate response
skin colour response
perceived exertion
exercise form
work output.
Metabolic products may include:
lactate
carbon dioxide
water.
Muscle groups may include:
prime mover
fixators
assistors.
Physiological responses may include:
the acute responses to the onset of exercise
cardiovascular system
heart rate response
blood volume
blood pressure
stroke volume
cardiac output
respiratory system
respiratory rate
immune system
nervous system
musculoskeletal system
endocrine system
the regulation of blood flow during exercise
the shifts in the distribution of blood to various areas of the body during exercise.
Physiological adaptations may include:
distinguish between central and peripheral fitness adaptations
explain the central and peripheral adaptations of the body to anaerobic training and aerobic training.
Processes may include:
glycolysis
gluconeogenesis
lipolysis
use of protein as fuel.
Range of motion may include:
sit and reach
goniometers
electronic.
Skeletal anatomy may include:
bones
structure and mechanics of bone
the biomechanical properties of bone
the responses of bone to weight bearing activities
bone formation, growth, and remodelling
the influence of diet on bone homeostasis
the influence of age on bone homeostasis
major bones and major landmarks of the skeleton
bone markings
tuberosity
crest
trochanter
line
tubercle
epicondyle
spine
head
facet
condyle
ramus
meatus
sinus
fossa
groove
fissure
foramen
directional terms used to define positions of bones and landmarks
structural regionalisation of the vertebral column and the implications for movement
normal and abnormal spinal curvatures and the implications of these conditions for physical activity
joints
joints related to exercise
intervertebral
sternoclavicular
sternocostal
acromioclavicular
glenohumeral
elbow
radioulnar
radiocarpal
metacarpophalangeal
pubic symphysis
coxal
tibiofibular
femoropatellar
tibiofibular
ankle
metarsophalangeal
structure and function of joints
fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial joints
anatomical structure of joints.
Skeletal muscle contraction may include:
the main features of nerves and the nervous system related to exercise
nervous system classification and structure
central or peripheral
afferent or efferent
voluntary or involuntary
structure of a motor neuron
generation and conduction a motor impulse
reflex arcs
the neural innervation of muscles for movement and proprioception
the types of muscle contraction, and the relationship between muscle force and external load for each
the factors influencing muscle contraction
length tension relationship
motor unit recruitment
muscle fibre types
mechanical advantage of joint position
force velocity relationships
size principle
reciprocal inhibition,
agonist or antagonist relationship.
Structure and function of muscles may include:
the transfer of metabolites between blood and muscles
the general relationship between nerves and skeletal muscle
the major postural muscles
pectoralis minor
serratus anterior
intercostals
brachialis
pronator teres
brachioradialis
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
extensor carpi radialis longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor digitorum
external oblique
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
levator scapulae
teres minor
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
internal oblique
gluteus maximum
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
transverse abdominis
iliotibial tract
adductor magnus
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
iliopsoas
tensor fasciae latae
sartorius
adductor longus
gracilis
the purpose of connective tissues
ligaments
elbow
radial collateral ligament
ulnar collateral ligament
knee
fibular, ie, lateral, collateral ligament
patella ligament
anterior cruciate ligament
tibial, ie, medial, collateral ligament
posterior cruciate ligament
shoulder
acromio clavicular ligament
ankle
tendon
achilles tendon
patella tendon
pelvic floor muscles
Weight bearing may include:
own body weight
added resistance
pin loaded
hydraulic
free weight
air braked
water environment.

The evidence guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance criteria, required skills and knowledge, range statement and the Assessment Guidelines for the Training Package.
Overview of assessment

Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit
Evidence of the following is essential:
monitor the physiological responses of the body to exercise.
explain the adaptations the body makes to exercise.
conduct aerobic function assessments.
monitor the temperature regulation of the body during exercise.
Context of and specific resources for assessment
This unit of competency must be assessed in the context of fitness in Australia. For valid and reliable assessment the fitness activity should closely replicate the work environment. The environment should be safe, with the hazards, circumstances and equipment likely to be encountered in a real workplace.
This unit of competence should be assessed through the observation of processes and procedures, oral and or written questioning on required knowledge and skills and consideration of required attitudes.
Where performance is not directly observed and or is required to be demonstrated over a "period of time" and or in a "number of locations", any evidence should be authenticated by colleagues, supervisors, clients or other appropriate persons.
Method of assessment
A range of assessment methods should be used to assess practical skills and knowledge. The following examples are appropriate for this unit:
oral or written questioning to assess knowledge of healthy eating guidelines
portfolio demonstrating evidence of accurate body composition appraisals
third-party reports from supervisors detailing work performance.
Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry sector, workplace and job role is recommended.