Elements and Performance Criteria

Context
This unit of competency includes all such items of equipment and unit operations which form part of the wellhead system.

For your plant this may include (select relevant items):
gas lifts
down hole pumps.

Typical problems for your plant may include:
gassing up
solids control
gas lift valve erosion
mechanical failures
electrical and instrument failures.

HSE
All operations to which this unit applies are subject to stringent health, safety and environment requirements, which may be imposed through State or Federal legislation, and these must not be compromised at any time. Where there is an apparent conflict between performance criteria and HSE requirements, the HSE requirements take precedence.

Assessment context and methods
Assessment for this unit of competency will be on an operating plant. The unit will be assessed in as holistic a manner as is practical and may be integrated with the assessment of other relevant units of competency. Assessment will occur over a range of situations, which will include disruptions to normal, smooth operation.

Simulation may be required to allow for timely assessment of parts of this unit of competency. Simulation should be based on the actual plant and will include walk throughs of the relevant competency components. Simulations may also include the use of case studies/scenarios, role plays and 3D virtual reality interactive systems. In the case of evacuation training or training for competencies practised in life threatening situations, simulation may be used for the bulk of the training.

This unit of competency requires an application of the knowledge contained in the use of artificial lift systems and their integral equipment, to the level needed to maintain control and recognise and resolve problems. This can be assessed through questioning and the use of what if scenarios both on the plant (during demonstration of normal operations and walk throughs of abnormal operations) and off the plant.

Critical aspects
Competence must be demonstrated in the ability to recognise and analyse potential situations requiring action and then in implementing appropriate corrective action. The emphasis should be on the ability to stay out of trouble rather than on recovery from a disaster.

Consistent performance should be demonstrated. In particular look to see that:
early warning signs of equipment/processes needing attention or with potential problems are recognised
the range of possible causes can be identified and analysed and the most likely cause determined
appropriate action is taken to ensure a timely return to full performance
obvious problems in related plant areas are recognised and an appropriate contribution made to their solution.

These aspects may be best assessed using a range of scenarios/case studies/what ifs as the stimulus with a walk through forming part of the response. These assessment activities should include a range of problems, including new, unusual and improbable situations, which may have been generated from the past incident history of the plant, incidents on similar plants around the world, hazard analysis activities and similar sources.

Resource implications
As a general rule assessment will require access to an operating artificial lift system over an extended period of time, or a suitable method of gathering evidence of operating competence over a range of situations. A bank of scenarios/case studies/what ifs will be required as will a bank of questions, which will be used to probe the reasoning behind the observable actions.

Other assessment advice
In all plants it may be appropriate to assess this unit concurrently with relevant teamwork and communication units. Consider co-assessment with:
PMAOPS221A - Operate and monitor prime movers
PMAOPS222A - Operate and monitor pumping systems and equipment
PMAOPS223A - Operate and monitor valve systems
PMCSUP292A - Sample and test materials.

Essential knowledge
The knowledge referred to in the evidence guide for this unit includes:
methods of down hole installation of equipment
well bore hydraulics
reservoir formation
local knowledge concerning the well's operations
principles of well operation
pumping/compressor efficiencies, production volumes and product capacities.

Competence also includes the ability to isolate the causes of problems to an item of equipment within the system and to be able to distinguish between causes of problems/ alarm/fault indications such as:
lift gas variations
instrument failure/wrong reading
electrical failure
mechanical failure
operational problem.